Önce bazı kısaltmaları bilmek lazım
ERTMS vs ETSI
Açıklaması şöyle. Yani ERTMS yeni sistem, ETSI ise eski sistem
ERTMS, the European Rail Traffic Management System, is the new rail management system which combines the European Train Control System (ETCS) with GSM-R. As a unique European train control system, ERTMS is designed to gradually replace the existing incompatible systems throughout Europe.
GSM-R
GSM-R is the data communication bearer for the European Train Control System (ETCS), in particular for ETCS Level 2 and Level 3. GSM-R is fully defined in ETSI standards.
Avrupa demiryollarında kullanılır. Açıklaması şöyle.
From the year 2000 onwards, GSM-R has been introduced all over Europe as a common standard for railway operations essential to interoperability, as well as in many other parts of the world. Expansion of the GSM-R implementation is still ongoing.
Tarihçesine dair bir açıklama şöyle. 1994 yılında standart kabul edilmiş
In 1994, ETSI GSM standard was selected by UIC as the bearer for first Digital Railway Radio Communication System. Needs of railways were captured in dedicated specifications named EIRENE, including both functional and system aspects. These specifications were reinforced as GSM-R within ETSI/3GPP international standards.The first operational implementation of GSM-R targeting the setup of this new technology was launched in 1999, and the first countrywide GSM-R operation started in 2004. In parallel, the EU Directives officially adopted the GSM-R as the basis for mobile communication between train and track for voice (train radio) and control-command and signaling data (ETCS), with the aim to form a worldwide standard, the European Rail Traffic Management System, the now well-known ERTMS.
GSM-R, European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) standardının bir parçası. Şeklen şöyle
Yani en kısa haliyle GSM-R bir kullanıcının MSISDN numarasını yani telefon numarasını bilmeye gerek kalmadan örneğin X numaralı trendeki "lead driver" aranabilir.
Bir yazılım Functional Number'ı MSISDN numarasına çeviriyor.
EIRENE ve MORANE Projeleri
GSM-R ve EIRENE ve MORANE Projeleri yazısına taşıdım
Şeklen şöyle
Value Added Services
EIRENE projesindeki tanımlar dışında ilave özellikler de istenebiliyor ve tanımlanıyor. Açıklaması şöyle
An Intelligent Network (IN) can be added to provide functions defined in EIRENE and enhance non-standardised functions, such as:- FFN (Follow Me Functional Node)- Location-dependent addressing
- Additional administration and authorisation functions such as the Access Matrix- Functional addressing for SMS- Group communication support- Functional numbers with variable length- Support of dedicated location processing systems
Neden GSM Tabanlı
GSM kullanmasının sebebi hazır ticari ürünlerin en az değişiklikle kullanılması gayesidir.
GSM Eski Değil mi ?
Evet eski. Açıklaması şöyle. Yani ihtiyacı karşılasa bile, GSM teknolojisi artık ortadan kalkmaya başladığı için GSM-R'nin yerine başka bir şey gelmesi gerekecek.
A successor to GSM-R is required primarily due to the expected obsolescence of GSM-R. GSM-R builds on existing GSM mobile standards, using the frequency bands 876-880 MHz(uplink) and 921-925 MHz (downlink) that are harmonised within CEPT for the operational communication of railway companies (GSM-R) in accordance with current mobiletechnology. GSM is a second generation mobile technology, but the industry is already moving to LTE3 (arguably a fourth generation [4G] technology) and is expected to evolve to fifth generation (5G) technology after 2020. The ability of the rail industry to continue to support GSM-R beyond roughly 2030 is doubtful. Given the long procurement cycles in the rail sector, planning for a successor needs to begin now.
Bir başka açıklama şöyle
GSM-R is facing a number of challenges:- The system life-cycle is coming to an end, with vendor support uncertain beyond 2030- Extra capacity is required in some areas to support railway operations- The rollout of European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) has increased the strain on the GSM-R network
FRMCS - Future Railway Mobile Communication System
Nevertheless, on one side the needs of the railways are constantly evolving, and on the other side the telecom standards evolution remains dependent of the telecom industry evolution cycles, with an end of support for GSM-R planned by 2030 onwards.These considerations led UIC, as soon as 2012, to launch the first studies for a successor to GSM-R, pertinently named Future Rail Mobile Communications System (FRMCS),
UUS1
Açıklaması şöyle. Sanırım Speech servisi için gerekiyor.
UUS1 is a supplementary service that transmits the User-to-User Information. In the GSM-R system, UUS1 can be used in most of applications, including AC acknowledgement, functional number, OTDI, called subaddress, and call matrix.
Customized Applications for Mobile networks Enhanced Logic (Camel) Architecture
Camel karışık bir standart.
Next Generation Intelligent Networks kitabındaki şekil şöyle
ve şöyle
Service Control Layer - SCL
Üst katmandaki uygulamalara hizmet veren katman. Açıklaması şöyle
In a fixed/mobile converged infrastructure, the call control layer is separated from a service control layer. Call control is well standardized in 3GPP, but there is a considerable amount of freedom in the architecture of the service delivery platforms, which is also reflected in the amount of standards and industry activities to harmonize these approaches.
Mobile Station International Subscriber Directory Number - MSISDN
Açıklaması şöyle
GSM mobil şebekelerinde abonenin tanımlanması ve doğrulanması için operatör tarafından aboneye atanan özel bir numaradır.
IEC - International Escape Code yani 00
CC - Country Code yani ülke kodu. Türkiye için 90
NDC - National Destination Code - Turkcell için 530
SN - Subscriver Number - Telefon numarası
International Mobile Subscriber Identity- IMSI
IMSI, Sim kart numarasıdır
International Mobile Equipment Identity - IMEI
IMEI cihaza yani telefona verilen numaradır
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data - USSD
Açıklaması şöyle. SMS gibi metin tabanlıdır. "*" karakteri ile başlar, "#" ile biter.
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD), sometimes referred to as "quick codes" or "feature codes", is a communications protocol used by GSM cellular telephones to communicate with the mobile network operator's computers. USSD can be used for WAP browsing, prepaid callback service, mobile-money services, location-based content services, menu-based information services, and as part of configuring the phone on the network.USSD messages are up to 182 alphanumeric characters long. Unlike short message service (SMS) messages, USSD messages create a real-time connection during a USSD session. The connection remains open, allowing a two-way exchange of a sequence of data. This makes USSD more responsive than services that use SMS.
Bir MSISDN numarasının belli bir role register, deregister olmasıdır gibi işler içindir.
USSD vs SMS
Her ikisi de SS7 protokolünü kullanır, ancak USSD session kullanır yani çift yönlüdür, SMS ise tek yönlüdür
Signalling System No. 7- SS7
Signalling System No. 7 yazısına taşıdım
Features
Frekans
Dünyadaki durum şeklen şöyle
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