IPV6 Adres Çeşitleri

Giriş
IPV6 Adresleri şöyle sınıflanır

1. Documentation
Açıklaması şöyle. Bu adres aralığı yönlendirilebilir (routable) ve erişilebilir değil!

The IPv6 documentation prefix (2001:db8:::/32) must be used ONLY for documentation purposes. It means written examples, diagrams, PPT presentations, Textbook explanations, etc.
This range shouldn't be used in practical networks.

2. Private
Açıklaması şöyle.

There is a "private IP range" of fc00::/7 which should be used for device testing, demos, courses, etc. as per RFC4193

3. Multicast
Tam liste burada. Açıklaması şöyle.

The multicast ranges are 224.0.0.0/4 for IPv4 and ff00::/8 for IPv6.

ffx1::
Örneğin "ff01::". Bu multicast adresi node-local veya interface-local olarak isimlendirilir. Bilgisayar kendi içinde haberleşir.

4. Link Local - İşletim Sistemi Tarafından Atanan Private Adres
İki çeşit Private Adres var. Açıklaması şöyle

But actually, there are two kinds of private addresses: the Unique Local Addresses (ULAs) and the link-local addresses (LLAs).

Link Local Address yazısına taşıdım.

5. Unique Local
Açıklaması şöyle. Mantık olarak IPv4 Private adres ile aynı şey.

The block fd00::/8 is defined for /48 prefixes, formed by setting the forty least-significant bits of the prefix to a randomly generated bit string.

Bu adresler Internet açısından routable değildir. Açıklaması şöyle

These addresses are called Unique Local IPv6 Unicast Addresses and are abbreviated in this document as Local IPv6 addresses. They are not expected to be routable on the global Internet. They are routable inside of a more limited area such as a site. They may also be routed between a limited set of sites.

Açıklaması şöyle. Amacı şirketlerin internete çıkmadan birbirleri ile extranet kurabilmeleri

When companies merge or set up an extranet to communicate, it has proven difficult with IPv4 Private addressing because the companies often use the same or overlapping address space, and that requires the ugly hack of NAT to get around, and that can cause problems and break many protocols.

This was identified as a problem when IPv6 ULA was being developed, and the goal was to allow companies to have non-Internet address space, but to have a very high probability that the space used was unique. This is to try to prevent the problem of merging or communication between companies using non-Internet addressing. IPv6 doesn't have NAT, and the goal of IPv6 is to restore the IP end-to-end connectivity that was lost when NAT became necessary due to the limited number of IPv4 addresses.

The first half of the IPv6 ULA space (fc00::/8) is reserved for assignment by a (yet to be named) global authority, while the second half of the IPv6 ULA space (fd00::/8) was set up so that companies could assign their own addressing with a high probability of uniqueness.

6. IPv4 İçeren IPv6 Adresler
Açıklaması şöyle.

:ffff:192.168.0.1
This is used in software that uses IPv6 sockets even for handling IPv4 connections. That  makes it easier to write software because everything looks like IPv6.
64:ff9b::192.168.0.1
This is the NAT64 well-known-prefix. These addresses are NATed to IPv4 by a NAT64 gateway. It is used to let devices that only have IPv6 reach IPv4 destinations.

Adres Okuma
Örnek
Sunucu socket açarken şöyle yaparız. Tüm IPV6 adreslerimin 4444. portunu dinle anlamına gelir.

[::]:4443